Umgaqo osisiseko wokulinganisa i-impedance
1. isiphaluka esisulungekileyo sokumelana
Kwifiziksi yesikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, umbane uxelele ingxaki enjalo: ukuxhathisa kwezixhobo zombane ze-R, eziqhagamshelwe kumandla ombane we-E, ukuxhathisa kwangaphakathi kwe-r ibhetri ipakethe, phantsi kweziphi iimeko ukukhutshwa kwamandla ombane kukhulu?Xa uxhathiso lwangaphandle lulingana nokuchasana kwangaphakathi, imveliso yamandla yonikezelo lwamandla kwisekethe yangaphandle yeyona inkulu, eyona nto ihambelanayo nombane wesekethe.Ukuba kufakwe indawo yesekethe ye-AC, okufanayo kufuneka kwakhona kuhlangabezane nemiqathango ye-R = r isiphaluka ukuhambelana.
2. isekethe yokusabela
I-Impedance circuit inzima ngakumbi kunesiphaluka esicocekileyo sokumelana, ngaphezu kokuchasana kwisiphaluka kukho i-capacitors kunye ne-inductors.Amacandelo, kwaye asebenze kwi-low-frequency okanye high-frequency AC circuits.Kwiisekethe ze-AC, ukuchasana, i-capacitance kunye ne-inductance ye-alternating current obstruction ibizwa ngokuba yi-impedance, eboniswa ngunobumba u-Z. Kwezi zinto, umphumo wokuthintela i-capacitance kunye ne-inductance kwi-alternating current ibizwa ngokuba yi-capacitive reactance kunye kunye ne-inductive reactance kwaye ngokulandelanayo.Ixabiso le-capacitive reactance kunye ne-inductive reactance ihambelana nokuphindaphinda kwe-alternating current esebenzayo ngaphezu kobukhulu be-capacitance kunye ne-inductance ngokwayo.Kuyaphawuleka ukuba, kwisekethe ye-reactance, ixabiso lokumelana ne-R, i-inductive reactance kunye ne-capacitive reactance kabini ayinakongezwa nge-arithmetic elula, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa indlela ye-impedance triangulation ukubala.Ngaloo ndlela, i-impedance circuit ukuphumeza ukuhambelana kuneesekethe ezichasayo ukuba zibe nzima ngakumbi, ukongeza kwi-input ne-output circuits kwiimfuno zecandelo elichasayo ziyalingana, kodwa zifuna icandelo lokuphendula lobukhulu obulinganayo kunye nomqondiso wechasana (conjugate matching). );okanye icandelo elichasayo kunye namalungu okusabela ayalingana (ukutshatisa okungabonisi mbonakalo).Apha kubhekiselwa kwi-reactance X, oko kukuthi, i-XL e-inductive kunye ne-capacitive reactance XC umahluko (kuphela kwiisekethe zochungechunge, ukuba isekethe ehambelanayo inzima kakhulu ukubala).Ukuhlangabezana neemeko ezingentla kubizwa ngokuba yi-impedance matching, umthwalo onokufumana amandla aphezulu.
Isitshixo sokulinganisa i-impedance yi-impedance yokuphuma kwinqanaba langaphambili lilingana ne-impedance yegalelo lesigaba sangasemva.I-impedance yegalelo kunye ne-output impedance isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiisekethe ze-elektroniki kuwo onke amanqanaba, zonke iintlobo zezixhobo zokulinganisa kunye nazo zonke iintlobo zamacandelo e-elektroniki.Ke yintoni i-impedance yegalelo kunye ne-impedance yemveliso?I-impedance yegalelo yi-impedance yesiphaluka kumthombo wesignali.Njengoko kuboniswe kwi-Figure 3 amplifier, i-impedance yayo yokufaka igalelo kukususa umthombo wesignali E kunye nokumelana kwangaphakathi r, ukusuka kwi-AB iphela kwi-impedance efanayo.Ixabiso layo ngu-Z = UI / I1, oko kukuthi, umlinganiselo we-voltage yegalelo kunye negalelo langoku.Ngomthombo wesignali, i-amplifier iba ngumthwalo wayo.Ngokwenani, ixabiso elilinganayo lomthwalo we-amplifier lixabiso le-impedance yegalelo.Ubungakanani be-impedance yegalelo ayifani kwiisekethe ezahlukeneyo.
Ngokomzekelo, i-impedance ephezulu yegalelo (ebizwa ngokuba yi-voltage sensitivity) yebhloko ye-voltage ye-multimeter, i-shunt encinci kwisekethe phantsi kovavanyo kwaye incinci impazamo yokulinganisa.Ukunciphisa igalelo le-impedance yebhloko yangoku, incinci isahlulo se-voltage kwisekethe phantsi kovavanyo, kwaye ngaloo ndlela incinci impazamo yokulinganisa.Kwizikhuseli zamandla, xa i-impedance yemveliso yomthombo wesignali ilingana ne-impedance yegalelo lesekethe ye-amplifier, ibizwa ngokuba yi-impedance match, kwaye emva koko i-amplifier circuit inokufumana amandla amaninzi kwimveliso.I-impedance ye-output yi-impedance yesiphaluka ngokuchasene nomthwalo.Njengoko kuMzobo 4, unikezelo lwamandla kwicala legalelo lesekethe lifutshane-lijikelezwe, icala eliphumayo lomthwalo lisusiwe, i-impedance elinganayo ukusuka kwicala lemveliso yeCD ibizwa ngokuba yi-impedance output.Ukuba i-impedance yomthwalo ayilingani ne-impedance yemveliso, ebizwa ngokuba yi-impedance mismatch, umthwalo awukwazi ukufumana amandla aphezulu aphezulu.Umlinganiselo we-voltage ye-output U2 kunye ne-output ye-I2 yangoku ibizwa ngokuba yi-impedance yokuphuma.Ubungakanani bemveliso ye-impedance buxhomekeke kwiisekethe ezahlukeneyo zineemfuno ezahlukeneyo.
Ngokomzekelo, umthombo we-voltage ufuna i-impedance ephantsi, ngelixa umthombo wangoku ufuna i-impedance ephezulu.Kwisekethe ye-amplifier, ixabiso le-impedance yemveliso libonisa ukukwazi kwayo ukuthwala umthwalo.Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-impedance encinci yemveliso ibangela umthamo ophezulu wokuthwala umthwalo.Ukuba i-impedance ye-output ayikwazi ukuhambelana nomthwalo, i-transformer okanye isiphaluka senethiwekhi inokongezwa ukufezekisa umdlalo.Ngokomzekelo, i-transistor amplifier idla ngokudityaniswa kwi-transistor ephumayo phakathi kwe-amplifier kunye nesithethi, kwaye i-impedance yemveliso ye-amplifier ihambelana ne-impedance yokuqala ye-transistor, kwaye i-impedance yesibini ye-transformer ihambelana nokuphazamiseka kwe-implifier. isithethi.I-impedance yesibini ye-transformer ihambelana ne-impedance ye-loudspeaker.I-transformer iguqula umlinganiselo we-impedance ngokusebenzisa umlinganiselo wokujika we-primary and secondary windings.Kwiisekethe zangempela ze-elektroniki, zihlala zidibana nomthombo wesignali kunye nesekethe ye-amplifier okanye i-amplifier circuit kunye ne-impedance yomthwalo ayilingani nemeko, ngoko abanako ukudibanisa ngokuthe ngqo.Isisombululo kukongeza isekethe ehambelanayo okanye inethiwekhi phakathi kwabo.Ekugqibeleni, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukulinganisa i-impedance kusebenza kuphela kwiisekethe ze-elektroniki.Ngenxa yokuba amandla emiqondiso athunyelwa kwiisekethe zombane abuthathaka ngokwendalo, ukuthelekisa kuyafuneka ukunyusa amandla emveliso.Kwiisekethe zombane, ukuhambelana ngokuqhelekileyo akuqwalaselwa, njengoko kunokukhokelela ekuphumeni okugqithisileyo kwangoku kunye nomonakalo kwisixhobo.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Impedans Matching
Kwimiqondiso yewotshi, imiqondiso yebhasi, ukuya kuthi ga kumakhulu aliqela eemegabyte ze-DDR, njl. njl., i-general device transceiver inductive ne-capacitive impedance incinci ngokwentelekiso, ukumelana nokuzalana (oko kukuthi, eyona ndawo I-impedance) enokungahoywa, kwaye okwangoku, ukuthelekisa ukuthintela kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo eyona nxalenye yokwenyani.
Kwintsimi yokuphindaphinda koonomathotholo, izixhobo ezininzi ezinjengee-eriyali, ii-amplifiers, njl.njl., igalelo layo kunye ne-impedance yemveliso ayiyonyani (ayiyonyani ukumelana), kwaye inxalenye yayo yentelekelelo (i-capacitive okanye inductive) inkulu kangangokuba ayinakuhoywa. , emva koko kufuneka sisebenzise indlela yokudibanisa conjugate.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-17-2023