Isishwankathelo se-crystal oscillator
I-Crystal oscillator ibhekisa kwisiqwenga esisikiweyo esivela kwikristale yequartz ngokwe-azimuth Angle ethile, i-quartz crystal resonator, ekubhekiselwa kuyo njengekristale yequartz okanye icrystal oscillator;I-crystal element ene-IC eyongeziweyo ngaphakathi kwephakheji ibizwa ngokuba yi-crystal oscillator.Iimveliso zayo ngokuqhelekileyo zipakishwe kwiimeko zetsimbi, kodwa nakwiimeko zeglasi, i-ceramics okanye iplastiki.
Umgaqo osebenzayo we-crystal oscillator
I-quartz crystal oscillator sisixhobo esichukumisayo esenziwe nge-piezoelectric effect ye-quartz crystal.Ubume bayo obusisiseko bumalunga nolu hlobo lulandelayo: Ukusuka kwikristale yequartz ngokwesilayi se-azimuth, eqatywe ngomaleko wesilivere kwiindawo zayo ezimbini ezihambelanayo njengee-electrode, ucingo oludityanisiweyo kwi-electrode nganye luqhagamshelwe kwisikhonkwane, ludityaniswe neqokobhe lephakheji. i-quartz crystal resonator, ebizwa ngokuba yi-quartz crystal okanye i-crystal, i-crystal vibration.Iimveliso zayo ngokuqhelekileyo zipakishwe kwiimeko zetsimbi, kodwa nakwiimeko zeglasi, i-ceramics okanye iplastiki.
Ukuba intsimi yombane isetyenziswe kwii-electrode ezimbini zekristale yequartz, i-chip ikhubaza ngoomatshini.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba uxinzelelo lomatshini lusetyenziswa kumacala omabini e-chip, intsimi yombane iya kuveliswa kwindlela ehambelana nayo ye-chip.Esi siganeko somzimba sibizwa ngokuba yi-piezoelectric effect.Ukuba umbane otshintshanayo usetyenziswa kwiipali ezimbini zetshiphu, itshiphu iya kuvelisa ukungcangcazela koomatshini, okuya kuthi ke kuvelise imimandla yombane etshintshanayo.
Ngokubanzi, i-amplitude ye-vibration ye-mechanical ye-chip kunye ne-amplitude yendawo yombane etshintshanayo incinci kakhulu, kodwa xa i-frequency ye-voltage esetyenzisiweyo yombane ilixabiso elithile, i-amplitude iyanda kakhulu, inkulu kakhulu kunezinye iifrikhwensi. , le nto ibizwa ngokuba yi-piezoelectric resonance, efana kakhulu ne-resonance ye-LC circuit.I-resonant frequency yayo ihambelana nemodi yokusika, ijometri kunye nobukhulu be-chip.
Xa ikristale ingangcangcazeli, inokuthathwa njengecapacitor ecaba ebizwa ngokuba yi-electrostatic capacitance C, kwaye ubungakanani bayo bunxulumene nobungakanani bejometri yechip kunye nommandla we-electrode, ngokubanzi malunga neendlela ezimbalwa zesikhumba ukuya kwiindlela ezininzi zesikhumba. .Xa i-crystal oscillates, inertia ye-vibration yomatshini ilingana ne-inductance L. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ixabiso le-L livela kumashumi ukuya kumakhulu amadigri.I-elasticity ye-chip inokulingana ne-capacitance C, encinci kakhulu, ngokuqhelekileyo kuphela i-0.0002 ~ 0.1 picograms.Ilahleko ebangelwa yi-friction ngexesha le-wafer vibration ilingana ne-R, enexabiso elimalunga ne-100 ohms.Ngenxa yokuba i-inductance elinganayo ye-chip inkulu kakhulu, kwaye i-C incinci kakhulu, i-R nayo incinci, ngoko umgangatho we-Q wesekethe mkhulu kakhulu, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1000 ~ 10000. Ukongeza, i-resonant frequency ye-chip ngokwayo. ngokusisiseko inxulumene kuphela nemodi yokusika, ijometri kunye nobukhulu be-chip, kwaye inokwenziwa ngokuchanekileyo, ngoko ke isiphaluka se-oscillator esakhiwe ngama-quartz resonators sinokufumana ukuzinza okuphezulu.
Iikhompyutha zinesiphaluka sexesha, yaye nangona igama elithi “iwotshi” lidla ngokusetyenziswa ukubhekisela kwezi zixhobo, azizowotshi ngokwengqiqo eqhelekileyo.Zinokubizwa ngcono ngokuba ngabaxeli-xesha.Isibali-xesha sekhompyuter siqhele ukuba yikristale yequartz eyenziwe ngokuchanekileyo ethi ijike phakathi kwemida yayo yoxinzelelo kumaza obuninzi oxhomekeke kwindlela ikristale ngokwayo isikwe ngayo kunye nokuba iphantsi koxinzelelo olungakanani.Kukho iirejista ezimbini ezinxulumene nekristale ye-quartz nganye, i-counter kunye nerejista yokubamba.I-oscillation nganye ye-quartz crystal iyancipha i-counter enye.Xa i-counter iyancipha ukuya kwi-0, ukuphazamiseka kuveliswa kwaye i-counter iphinda ilayishe ixabiso lokuqala kwirejista yokubamba.Le ndlela yenza kube lula ukucwangcisa isibali-xesha ukuvelisa iziphazamiso ezingama-60 ngesekhondi (okanye nangayiphi na enye ifrikhwethi efunwayo).Uphazamiseko ngalunye lubizwa ngokuba luphawu lwewotshi.
Ngokwemigaqo yombane, i-crystal oscillator inokulingana nenethiwekhi ye-terminal ye-capacitor kunye ne-resistor ngokuhambelana kunye ne-capacitor kwi-series.Kubunjineli bombane, le nethiwekhi ineengongoma ezimbini ze-resonance, ezahlulwe zibe yi-frequencies ephezulu kunye nephantsi.I-frequency esezantsi yi-resonance yochungechunge, kwaye i-frequency ephezulu yi-parallel resonance.Ngenxa yeempawu zekristale ngokwayo, umgama phakathi kweefrikhwensi ezimbini usondele kakhulu.Kulo luhlu lwe-frequency emxinwa kakhulu, i-crystal oscillator ilingana ne-inductor, nje ukuba iziphelo ezimbini ze-crystal oscillator zidibene ngokuhambelana ne-capacitors ezifanelekileyo, ziya kwenza i-parallel resonance circuit.Le sekethe i-parallel resonant inokongezwa kwi-negative feedback circuit ukwenza i-sinusoidal oscillation circuit.Ngenxa yokuba uluhlu lwamafrikhwensi e-crystal oscillator elilingana ne-inductance lincinci kakhulu, i-frequency ye-oscillator ayiyi kutshintsha kakhulu nangona iiparitha zamanye amacandelo zihluka kakhulu.
I-Crystal oscillator ineparameter ebalulekileyo, oko kukuthi i-capacitance value value, khetha i-parallel capacitance elingana nexabiso le-capacitance yomthwalo, unokufumana i-nominal resonance frequency of crystal oscillator.Ukungcangcazela ngokubanzi kwekristale yesekethe ye-oscillation ikwiziphelo ezichaseneyo ze-inverting amplifier eqhagamshelwe kwiikristale zine-capacitance ezimbini ifumana iziphelo zeekristale, ngokulandelelana i-capacitance nganye kwelinye icala lokufumana, umthamo we-capacitors ezimbini kwixabiso lothotho kufuneka ulingane. kumthamo womthwalo, nceda unikele ingqalelo kwizikhonkwane ze-IC ngokubanzi zinomthamo olinganayo wegalelo, oku akunakungahoywa.Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-capacitance yomthwalo we-crystal oscillator yi-15 okanye i-12.5 yesikhumba.Ukuba i-input input capacitance yecandelo lezikhonkwane zicatshangelwa, isiphaluka se-oscillation ye-crystal oscillator eyenziwe ngama-22 e-skin capacitors lukhetho olungcono.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-20-2021