Kuyilo, uyilo luyinxalenye ebalulekileyo.Isiphumo soyilo siya kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umphumo we-wiring, ngoko unokucinga ngolu hlobo, ucwangciso olufanelekileyo linyathelo lokuqala kwimpumelelo yoyilo lwePCB.
Ngokukodwa, i-pre-layout yinkqubo yokucinga malunga nebhodi yonke, ukuhamba komqondiso, ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu, isakhiwo kunye nezinye izakhiwo.Ukuba ulwakhiwo lwangaphambili aluphumeleli, umzamo othe kratya kamva ulilize.
1. Qwalasela yonke into
Impumelelo yemveliso okanye hayi, enye kukugxila kumgangatho wangaphakathi, okwesibini kukuqwalasela i-aesthetics jikelele, zombini zigqibelele ngakumbi ukuqwalasela imveliso iphumelele.
Kwibhodi yePCB, ukucwangciswa kwamacandelo afunekayo ukuba alungelelaniswe, anqabile kwaye acwangciswe, angabinzima kakhulu okanye anzima kakhulu.
Ngaba iPCB iza konakala?
Ngaba imiphetho yenkqubo igciniwe?
Ngaba amanqaku e-MARK agciniwe?
Ngaba kuyimfuneko ukudibanisa ibhodi?
Zingaphi iileya zebhodi, ezinokuqinisekisa ulawulo lwe-impedance, ukukhusela umqondiso, imfezeko yomqondiso, uqoqosho, ukufezekiswa?
2. Ungazibandakanyi iimpazamo ezikwinqanaba elisezantsi
Ngaba isayizi yebhodi eprintiweyo iyahambelana nobungakanani bomzobo wokusetyenzwa?Ngaba iyakwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zenkqubo yokwenziwa kwePCB?Ngaba lukhona uphawu lokumisa?
Amacandelo akwi-two-dimensional, indawo ene-dimensional emithathu akukho ngquzulwano?
Ngaba ukwakheka kwamalungu kulandelelaniswe kwaye kucwangciswe kakuhle?Ngaba lonke ilaphu ligqityiwe?
Ngaba amalungu afuna ukutshintshwa rhoqo anokutshintshwa ngokulula?Ngaba kulungele ukufaka ibhodi yokufaka kwisixhobo?
Ngaba kukho umgama ofanelekileyo phakathi kwe-thermal element kunye ne-heater element?
Ngaba kulula ukulungisa amacandelo ahlengahlengiswayo?
Ngaba isinki yobushushu ifakiwe apho kufuneka ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu?Ngaba umoya uhamba kakuhle?
Ngaba ukuhamba komqondiso kumtyibilizi kunye nolona qhagamshelwano lufutshane?
Ngaba iiplagi, iisokethi, njl. njl. ziyaphikisana noyilo lomatshini?
Ngaba ingxaki yokuphazamiseka komgca iyaqwalaselwa?
3. I-Bypass okanye i-decoupling capacitor
Kwi-wiring, i-analog kunye nezixhobo zedijithali zifuna ezi ntlobo ze-capacitors, kufuneka zisondele kwizikhonkwane zabo zamandla ezixhunywe kwi-bypass capacitor, ixabiso le-capacitance lidla ngokuba ngu-0.1μF. izikhonkwane ezimfutshane ngokunokwenzeka ukunciphisa ukuxhatshazwa kwe-inductive yokulungelelaniswa, kwaye ngokusondeleyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwisixhobo.
Ukongeza i-bypass okanye i-decoupling capacitors ebhodini, kunye nokubekwa kwala ma-capacitors ebhodini, ulwazi olusisiseko kwi-digital kunye ne-analog designs, kodwa imisebenzi yabo iyahluka.Iicapacitors ze-Bypass zihlala zisetyenziswa kuyilo lweengcingo ze-analog ukugqitha imiqondiso ye-frequency ephezulu ukusuka kubonelelo lombane olunokuthi ngenye indlela lungenise iitshiphusi ze-analog ezibuthathaka ngezikhonkwane zobonelelo lwamandla.Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuphindaphinda kwezi zibonakaliso ze-frequency ephezulu kudlula amandla esixhobo se-analog ukuzicinezela.Ukuba i-bypass capacitors ayisetyenziswanga kwiisekethe ze-analog, ingxolo kwaye, kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, i-vibration ingangeniswa kwindlela yomqondiso.Kwizixhobo zedijithali ezifana nabalawuli kunye nabaqhubekisi, i-decoupling capacitors nayo iyafuneka, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo.Umsebenzi omnye wale capacitors kukusebenza njengebhanki yentlawulo "encinci", kuba kwiisekethe zedijithali, ukwenza ukutshintshwa kwesango lombuso (oko kukuthi, ukutshintsha) ngokuqhelekileyo kufuna inani elikhulu langoku, kwaye xa ukutshintshwa kwezinto ezidlulayo ziveliswa kwi-chip kunye nokuhamba. ngebhodi, kunenzuzo ukuba nale ntlawulo "eyongezelelweyo" eyongezelelweyo.” intlawulo iluncedo.Ukuba akukho ntlawulo eyaneleyo yokwenza isenzo sokutshintsha, kunokubangela utshintsho olukhulu kumbane wokubonelela.Utshintsho olukhulu kakhulu kumbane lunokubangela ukuba inqanaba lomqondiso wedijithali lingene kwindawo engaqinisekanga kwaye linokubangela ukuba umatshini welizwe okwisixhobo sedijithali usebenze ngokungalunganga.Ukutshintsha kwangoku okuhamba ngolungelelwaniso lwebhodi kuya kubangela ukuba i-voltage itshintshe, ngenxa ye-parasitic inductance yokulungelelaniswa kwebhodi, utshintsho lwe-voltage lungabalwa ngokusebenzisa le fomyula ilandelayo: V = Ldl / dt apho V = utshintsho kwi-voltage L = ibhodi i-alignment inductance dI = utshintsho lwangoku oluqukuqelayo ngolungelelwaniso dt = ixesha lotshintsho lwangoku Ngoko ke, ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo, unikezelo lwamandla kunikezelo lwamandla okanye izixhobo ezisebenzayo kwizikhonkwane zombane ezisetyenzisiweyo i-Bypass (okanye i-decoupling) capacitors yinto entle kakhulu. .
Igalelo lamandla ombane, ukuba i-current ikhulu kakhulu, kuyacetyiswa ukuba unciphise ubude kunye nommandla wokulungelelaniswa, musa ukuqhuba yonke indawo.
Ingxolo yokutshintsha kwigalelo elidityaniswe kwinqwelomoya yemveliso yombane.Ingxolo yokutshintsha yetyhubhu ye-MOS yonikezelo lwamandla ophumayo ichaphazela unikezelo lwamandla okufakwayo kwinqanaba langaphambili.
Ukuba kukho inani elikhulu le-DCDC yangoku ephezulu ebhodini, kukho iifrikhwensi ezahlukeneyo, uphazamiseko oluphezulu lwangoku kunye nokutsiba kwamandla ombane aphezulu.
Ngoko ke kufuneka sinciphise indawo yonikezelo lwamandla igalelo ukuhlangabezana ne-yangoku kuyo.Ke xa uyilo lonikezelo lombane, cinga ngokunqanda igalelo lamandla apheleleyo ebhodini ukubaleka.
4. Imigca yamandla kunye nomhlaba
Imigca yamandla kunye nemigca yomhlaba ibekwe kakuhle ukuhambelana, inokunciphisa ithuba lokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic interference (EMl).Ukuba amandla kunye neentambo zomhlaba azilingani ngokufanelekileyo, i-loop yesixokelelwano iya kuyilwa, kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba ivelise ingxolo.Umzekelo wamandla adityanisiweyo angafanelekanga kunye noyilo lwePCB yomhlaba uboniswa kumzobo.Kule bhodi, sebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zombane welaphu kunye nomhlaba, ngenxa yokufaneleka okungafanelekanga, amacandelo ebhodi yebhodi yombane kunye nemigca ngokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic (EMI) kunokwenzeka.
5. Ukwahlula kweDigital-analog
Kuyilo ngalunye lwe-PCB, inxalenye yengxolo yesekethe kunye nenxalenye “ezolileyo” (inxalenye engeyiyo ingxolo) iza kwahlulwa.Ngokubanzi, isekethe yedijithali inokunyamezela ukuphazamiseka kwengxolo, kwaye ingabonakali kwingxolo (kuba isekethe yedijithali inokunyamezela ingxolo yombane omkhulu);ngokuchaseneyo, i-analog yesekethe yokunyamezela ingxolo ye-voltage incinci kakhulu.Kwezi zimbini, iisekethe ze-analog zezona zinovakalelo kwingxolo yokutshintsha.Kwiinkqubo ze-wiring ezixubileyo, ezi ntlobo zimbini zeesekethe kufuneka zihlulwe.
Iziseko zocingo lwebhodi yesekethe zisebenza kuzo zombini iisekethe ze-analog kunye nedijithali.Umgaqo osisiseko wobhontsi kukusebenzisa inqwelomoya ephantsi engaphazanyiswa.Lo mgaqo osisiseko unciphisa i-dI/dt (ngoku ngokuchasene nexesha) isiphumo kwiisekethe zedijithali kuba isiphumo se-dI/dt sibangela amandla omhlaba kwaye sivumela ingxolo ukuba ingene kwisekethe ye-analog.Ubuchwephesha bocingo lwedijithali kunye neesekethe ze-analog ziyafana, ngaphandle kwento enye.Enye into ekufuneka uyikhumbule kwiisekethe ze-analog kukugcina imigca yesiginali yedijithali kunye ne-loops kwinqwelomoya ephantsi kude nesekethe ye-analog kangangoko kunokwenzeka.Oku kunokufezekiswa ngokudibanisa i-analog yendiza yomhlaba ngokwahlukileyo kwi-system ye-ground connection, okanye ngokubeka i-analog circuitry ekupheleni kwebhodi, ekupheleni komgca.Oku kwenziwa ukugcina uphazamiseko lwangaphandle kwindlela yesignali ibe buncinci.Oku akuyimfuneko kwiisekethe zedijithali, ezinokunyamezela ubuninzi bengxolo kwi-plane yomhlaba ngaphandle kweengxaki.
6. Iingqwalasela zobushushu
Kwinkqubo yoyilo, imfuno yokuqwalasela ubushushu bomoya ohambisa ubushushu, ukuchithwa kobushushu kuphelile.
Izixhobo ezingevani nobushushu akufunekanga zibekwe emva komthombo wobushushu.Nika ingqwalaselo kwindawo yoyilo lwendlu enzima yokuphelisa ubushushu njenge-DDR.Gwema uhlengahlengiso oluphindaphindiweyo ngenxa yokulinganisa i-thermal ayidluli.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-30-2022